Which of the following activities is part of the Plan phase in ISO 9001?

Understanding the organization's context is a critical component of the Plan phase in ISO 9001. This phase focuses on identifying the external and internal factors that can affect the organization's ability to achieve its intended outcomes. By recognizing the context, organizations can better define the scope of their Quality Management System (QMS) and establish objectives that align with both stakeholder needs and strategic direction.

This activity involves assessing various aspects such as market conditions, regulatory requirements, and socio-economic factors that could impact quality performance. It ensures that the organization's planning is relevant and responsive to its environment, which is an essential part of effective strategic quality management.

Other activities listed, such as establishing customer requirements, performing quality audits, and implementing corrective actions, belong to different phases in the ISO 9001 framework. Establishing customer requirements typically falls under understanding needs and expectations related to the Plan phase but is not as comprehensive as understanding the broader organizational context. Performing quality audits and implementing corrective actions are part of the Check and Act phases, respectively, focusing on monitoring and improving the QMS's effectiveness after it has been planned and implemented.