What does 'total quality management' (TQM) focus on?

Total Quality Management (TQM) is fundamentally centered on continuous improvement and customer satisfaction, making it an integral approach for organizations aiming to enhance their overall performance and quality. TQM emphasizes a culture where all employees participate in the ongoing improvement of processes, products, services, and the overall work environment.

This focus on continuous improvement means that organizations regularly assess their operations, seeking ways to improve efficiency and effectiveness, which ultimately leads to better products and services. Satisfied customers are at the heart of TQM; organizations strive to meet or exceed customer expectations to foster loyalty and positive relationships.

The other options are not aligned with the principles of TQM. For instance, prioritizing financial profits or short-term gains reflects a more traditional business approach that does not prioritize quality or customer satisfaction in the same way TQM does. Similarly, focusing solely on administrative efficiency overlooks the comprehensive nature of TQM, which encompasses all aspects of an organization, including employee involvement, process management, and external communication with customers. This holistic approach is what sets TQM apart and underscores why the correct answer emphasizes continuous improvement and customer satisfaction.